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Recognition of Pain and Distress
辨認疼痛與焦慮
Animals should be monitored for pain and distress as appropriate for the condition,
procedure and degree of invasiveness. Critical to the assessment of the presence or
absence of pain or distress is having the ability to distinguish between normal and
abnormal animal behavior. This is especially true when dealing with rodents that
often exhibit pain and distress with only subtle changes in their behavior.
應監控動物的疼痛與焦慮來判定侵擾動物的狀況、程序及程度。相關人員需有能
力區別正常與異常的動物行為，來評估動物是否處於疼痛或焦慮。在嚙齒類實驗
動物的行為細微變化非常重要，可真實反應出這些動物的疼痛與焦慮。常見的行
為變化如下表：
1)
Lethargy
不活潑
reluctance to move
活動力降低
2)
Abnormal posture
姿勢異常
Hunched
供背
3)
Restlessness
躁動
pacing, constant motion
踱步、持續運動
4)
Self-mutilation
自殘
licking, biting, scratching, rubbing
舔，咬，抓，摩擦
5)
Vocalization
發出叫聲
squeaking when handled
抓取動物時發出叫聲
6)
Aggression
出現攻擊性
biting when handled
抓取動物時咬人
7)
Guarding
警覺狀
attempting to move away or protect painful area
試圖逃脫或保護疼痛的區域
8)
Lack of Grooming
缺乏理毛
ruffled or greasy fur coat
毛髮粗鋼或油膩
9)
Red staining of face
顏面色染
red discharge from eyes or nose (rats)
眼鼻出現紅色分泌物
(
大鼠
)
10)
Poor appetite
食慾差
11)
Weight loss
體重降低
loss of >10% of pre-operative body weight
與術前相較，體重降低
10
％以上
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